Valves are crucial components in fluid control systems, responsible for regulating the flow and pressure of liquids and gases in various applications. They can start, stop, or throttle flow and come in a variety of types, including gate valves, which provide full flow with minimal pressure drop; globe valves, designed for precise flow control; ball valves, known for their quick shut-off capabilities; and check valves, which prevent backflow in piping systems. Valves are constructed from materials such as brass, stainless steel, and plastic, chosen based on the fluid type, pressure, and temperature requirements. Widely used in industries such as water treatment, oil and gas, HVAC, and manufacturing, valves ensure safe and efficient operation by maintaining desired fluid conditions, protecting equipment, and optimizing process control.